Bulgarian Evaluation

Dokumentumok

Cím:	Bulgarian Evaluation
Nyelv:	angol
Tárgyszavak:	community development, network, Central and Eastern Europe, Bulgaria, Social Capital
Állomány:	Community Development Network Building in Central and Eastern Europe, Közösségfejlesztési hálózatépítés Kelet-Közép Európában
Forditas:
Megjegyzés:
Raktári jelzet:	E

SOCIAL CAPITAL
People, families and communities
Based on the questionnaire for the Home Office Citizenship Survey, U. K.

SUMMARY

This social capital survey was conducted in two Bulgarian communities - a Roma neighborhood in the town of Byala Slatina and a village with ethnically mixed population near the town of Byala Slatina. The survey included 103 respondents, 56.9% were from the town and 43.1 from the village. The survey is not representative because no accurate data on the demographic characteristics of the population of either community was available in advance, neither was any random sampling procedure used. As a result younger population in over-represented in the survey.

The survey displays some very interesting, and sometimes counterintuitive, results. In general members of both communities communicate intensively among themselves, which however does not increase the level of interpersonal trust. Both contacts with institutions and civic activity are rather sporadic and involve about a quarter of the population - i.e. the most active part of it. Approximately the same portion of the population feels empowered to influence decisions that affect community life. Trust in institutions and politicians is critically low. Though slightly higher so is the trust in employers, reflecting probably the spread of illegal economic activity, where people are employed without contracts and social security payments. Unlike other forms of civic activity children's education and sports seem to generate some participation. In the general context of distrust different types of informal mutual help are quite widespread with only about 11% of the people having not provided help to someone in the last 12 months.

Communication

Communities in and around the town of Byala Slatina are relatively small and their members
tend to know each other. As much as 59% of the respondents state that they know many people in their neighborhood, while only 3% don't know people in their neighborhood. Going round to each other's house seems to be an almost perfectly reciprocal relationship. People have guests/visitors and make guests in comparable rate. Knowing people and meeting people are both indicators of interaction, which looks rather intensive. Letting people in your private space is hypothetically a sign of trust. The kind of intimate interaction represented by going around to each other's houses indicates the presence of networks with strong ties, but it doesn't indicate how large these networks are.

As illustrated in the next section trust is concentrated in relatively small networks - only 8% of the people saying that many people in their neighborhood can be trusted. This is also a good illustration that the concept of 'knowing' people does not overlap with the concept of 'trust''. In this respect it is worth noting that the knowing has a whole range of meanings starting from 'being able to identify' somebody by his name or outlook. On the other end of the range knowing designates some complex social relations like 'being able to influence' somebody or 'having the practice of exchanging informal services' with him.

Interpersonal Trust

The level of distrust illustrated in the above chart can be interpreted by the strength of traditional family ties in Bulgarian society, especially in Roma communities. Such strong relations within extended families come naturally with lack of trust for the broader social environment, including the rest of the local community. The 67% of respondents stating that some or few people in their neighborhood can be trusted may refer to members of their extended families. There is no significant difference between the level of trust in the village and the town neighborhood.

Contacts with Institutions and Civic Activity

Contacts with institutions, especially with those at central level are very limited, corresponding to the general atmosphere of distrust to all institutions (see below). This seems to confirm statements about the marginalisation of segregated Roma communities and small village communities, bringing about lack of access to public services and limited participation in the process of taking public decisions. Marginalization seems to arise from a combination of physical and social distance - i.e. the lack of resources to be mobile in the physical sense and the lack of social mobility due to the isolation of some minority communities. The distribution of responses also indicates that civic activities like public meetings and demonstration are rather an alternative to contacts with institutions then a complement.

Trust in Institutions and Empowerment

Voluntary Help

ATTACHMENT I

TABLES WITH PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

I. Active Community and Social Capital Module

1.	Would you say that you know … READ OUT
	Many of the people in your neighbourhood	59.2
	Some of the people in your neighbourhood	26.2
	A few of the people in your neighbourhood	7.8
	Or that you do not know people in your neighbourhood?	2.9
	DK	3.9

2.	Would you say that … READ OUT
	Many of the people in your neighbourhood can be trusted	7.8
	Some of the people in your neighbourhood can be trusted	30.1
	A few of the people in your neighbourhood can be trusted	36.9
	Or that none of the people in your neighbourhood can be trusted?	24.3
	DK	1.0

3.	Would you say this neighbourhood is a place where neighbours look out for each other?
	Yes, definitely	11.7
	Yes, to some extent	44.7
	No	40.8
	DK	2.9

4.	How often do you have friends or neighbours round to your house?
	Every day	32.0
	Several times a week	26.2
	At least once a week	26.2
	At least once a fortnight	1.0
	At least once a month	6.8
	Less than once a month	7.8
	Never	0

5.	And how often do you go round to other people’s houses? That is friends or neighbours.
	Every day	23.3
	Several times a week	27.2
	At least once a week	19.4
	At least once a fortnight	6.8
	At least once a month	15.5
	Less than once a month	5.8
	Never	1.9

6.	In the last 12 months have you done any of the things?
	Contacted a local councillor	19.4
	Contacted a Member of Parliament (MP)	3.9
	Contacted a public official working for your local council	14.6
	Contacted a public official working for part of Central Government	1.0
	Attended a public meeting or rally	25.2
	Taken part in a public demonstration or protest	2.9
	Signed a petition	1.9
	Non of these	45.6
	DK	3.9

7.	Do you agree or disagree that you can influence decisions affecting your local area?
	Definitely agree	14.6
	Tend to agree	12.6
	Tend to disagree	37.9
	Definitely disagree	9.7
	DK	25.2

8.	How much do you trust
	the police
	the courts
	your employer
	politicians
	Parliament
	Your local council
	1. A lot 2. A fair amount 3. Not very much 4. Not at all 5. DK

9.	Have you been involved with (all) these groups, clubs or organisations in the last 12 months?
	Children’s education/schools	21.4
	Youth/children’s activities (outside school)	6.8
	Education for adults	1.0
	Sports/exercise (taking part, coaching or going to watch)	21.4
	Religion	3.9
	Politics	7.8
	Health, Disability and Social welfare	3.9
	The elderly	1.9
	Safety, First Aid	1.9
	The environment, animals	1.0
	Justice and Human Rights	2.9
	Local community or neighbourhood groups	10.7
	Citizen’s Groups	0
	Hobbies/Recreation/Arts/Social clubs	6.8
	Trade union activity	1.0
	None of these	41.7

10.	Do you ever feel that you would like to spend any (irregular volunteers/unknown frequency: more) time helping groups, clubs or organisations, or not?
	Yes	51.5
	No ( move to question ą 12)	21.4
	DK ( move to question ą 12)	27.2

11.	There are various reasons why people don’t give unpaid help to groups, clubs or organisations, even when they feel they might like to. Why do you not give this sort of help more regularly?

12.	Which, if any of these, might make you likely to get involved in future?
	If someone asked me directly to get involved	28.2
	If my friends or family got involved with me	31.1
	If someone who was already involved was there to help get me started	27.2
	If more information about the things I could do was available	33.0
	If I knew I could get my expenses paid	30.1
	If someone could provide transport when I needed it	22.3
	If I could do it from home	18.4
	If I knew it would help me improve my skills or get qualifications	26.2
	If I knew it would benefit me in my career or improve my job prospects	36.9
	Other (specify)………………………………………………………..

13.	In the last 12 months, have you done any of these things, unpaid, for someone who is not a relative? This might be for a friend, neighbour or someone else.
	Keeping in touch with someone who has difficulty getting out and about (visiting in person, telephoning or e-mailing)	18.4
	Doing shopping, collecting pension or paying bills for someone	16.5
	Cooking, cleaning, laundry, gardening or other routine household jobs for someone	8.7
	Decorating, or doing any kind of home or car repairs for someone	22.3
	Baby sitting or caring for children	13.6
	Sitting with or providing personal care (e.g. washing, dressing) for someone who is sick or frail	16.5
	Looking after a property or a pet for someone who is away	6.8
	Giving advice to someone	45.6
	Writing letters or filling in forms for someone	17.5
	Representing someone (for example in talking to a council official)	4.9
	Transporting or escorting someone (for example to a hospital, on an outing or a school-run)	17.5
	Anything else (specify)…………………………………………………….
	No help given in last 12 months	10.7
	DK

15.	Have you yourself, in the last 12 months, benefited from unpaid help in any of these ways? Please exclude help from members of your family (that’s any relatives).
	Keeping in touch with your (visiting in person, telephoning or e-mailing)	11.7
	Doing shopping, collecting pension or paying bills for you	3.9
	Cooking, cleaning, laundry, gardening or doing other routine household jobs for you	6.8
	Decorating, or doing any kind of home or car repairs for you	11.7
	Baby sitting or caring for your children	7.8
	Sitting with or providing personal care (e.g. washing, dressing) for you	/
	Looking after a property or a pet for you whilst you are away	4.9
	Giving advice to you	35.9
	Writing letters or filling in forms for you	11.7
	Representing you (for example in talking to a council official)	3.9
	Transporting or escorting you (for example to a hospital or on an outing)	5.8
	Anything else (specify)………………………………………………..	/
	DK	2.9
	No help received in last 12 months	35.5

II. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

16.	GENDER
	Man	53.4
	Woman	46.6

17.

Age ( please fill in)

18.	Education
	Basic	8.8
	Primary	24.5
	Secondary	55.9
	College	3.9
	Higher	6.9

19.	Ethnic group
	Bulgarian	24.5
	Turkish	7.8
	Roma	67.6
	Other	/

20.	Religion (please fill in)

21.	Family
	Married	56.3
	Single	33.0
	Divorced	6.8
	Widow/er	3.9

22.

Number of people in the household (please fill in)

23.	Social status of the respondent
	Student	7.8
	State sector employee	22.3
	Private sector employee	11.7
	Private proprietor/entrepreneur	5.8
	Free lance	3.9
	Unemployed	43.7
	Retired	4.9
	Other (please specify)………………………………………………………….	/

24.	Average household income per month
	100 lev or less	33.7
	100 – 150 lev	29.7
	150 – 200	15.8
	200 – 300	9.9
	300 – 500	7.9
	500 lev or more	3.0

25.	Settlement type
	Town	56.9
	Village	43.1

ATTACHMENT II

Frequency Tables

Would you say that you know...

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Many of the people in your neighbourhood	61	59.2	59.2	59.2
	Some of the people in your neighbourhood	27	26.2	26.2	85.4
	A few of the people in your neighbourhood	8	7.8	7.8	93.2
	Or that you do not know people in your neighbourhood	3	2.9	2.9	96.1
	DK	4	3.9	3.9	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Would you say that...

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Many of the people in your neighbourhood can be trusted	8	7.8	7.8	7.8
	Some of the people in your neighbourhood can be trusted	31	30.1	30.1	37.9
	A few of the people in your neighbourhood can be trusted	38	36.9	36.9	74.8
	Or that none of the people in your neighbourhood can be trusted	25	24.3	24.3	99.0
	DK	1	1.0	1.0	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Would you say this neighbourhood is a place where neighbours look out for each other?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes, definitely	12	11.7	11.7	11.7
	Yes, to some extent	46	44.7	44.7	56.3
	No	42	40.8	40.8	97.1
	DK	3	2.9	2.9	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

How often do you have friends or neighbours round to your house?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Every day	33	32.0	32.0	32.0
	Several times a week	27	26.2	26.2	58.3
	At least once a week	27	26.2	26.2	84.5
	At least once a fortnight	1	1.0	1.0	85.4
	At least once a month	7	6.8	6.8	92.2
	Less than once a month	8	7.8	7.8	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

And how often do you go round to other people's houses? That is friends or neighbours.

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Every day	24	23.3	23.3	23.3
	Several times a week	28	27.2	27.2	50.5
	At least once a week	20	19.4	19.4	69.9
	At least once a fortnight	7	6.8	6.8	76.7
	At least once a month	16	15.5	15.5	92.2
	Less than once a month	6	5.8	5.8	98.1
	Never	2	1.9	1.9	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Contacted a local councillor

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	20	19.4	19.4	19.4
	No	83	80.6	80.6	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Contacted a Member of Parliament (MP)

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	4	3.9	3.9	3.9
	No	99	96.1	96.1	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Contacted a public official working for your local council

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	15	14.6	14.6	14.6
	No	88	85.4	85.4	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Contacted a public official working for part of Central Government

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	1	1.0	1.0	1.0
	No	102	99.0	99.0	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Attended a public meeting or rally

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	26	25.2	25.2	25.2
	No	77	74.8	74.8	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Taken part in a public demonstration or protest

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	3	2.9	2.9	2.9
	No	100	97.1	97.1	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Signed a petition

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	2	1.9	1.9	1.9
	No	101	98.1	98.1	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

None of these

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	None of these	47	45.6	100.0	100.0
Missing	System	56	54.4
Total		103	100.0

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	DK	4	3.9	100.0	100.0
Missing	System	99	96.1
Total		103	100.0

Do you agree or disagree that you can influence decisions affecting your local area?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Definitely agree	15	14.6	14.6	14.6
	Tend to agree	13	12.6	12.6	27.2
	Tend to disagree	39	37.9	37.9	65.0
	Definitely disagree	10	9.7	9.7	74.8
	DK	26	25.2	25.2	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

How much do you trust the police?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	A lot	8	7.8	7.8	7.8
	A fair amount	10	9.7	9.8	17.6
	Not very much	21	20.4	20.6	38.2
	Not at all	54	52.4	52.9	91.2
	DK	9	8.7	8.8	100.0
	Total	102	99.0	100.0
Missing	System	1	1.0
Total		103	100.0

How much do you trust the courts?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	A lot	5	4.9	4.9	4.9
	A fair amount	12	11.7	11.8	16.7
	Not very much	25	24.3	24.5	41.2
	Not at all	47	45.6	46.1	87.3
	DK	13	12.6	12.7	100.0
	Total	102	99.0	100.0
Missing	System	1	1.0
Total		103	100.0

How much do you trust your employer?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	A lot	23	22.3	23.0	23.0
	A fair amount	13	12.6	13.0	36.0
	Not very much	8	7.8	8.0	44.0
	Not at all	39	37.9	39.0	83.0
	DK	17	16.5	17.0	100.0
	Total	100	97.1	100.0
Missing	System	3	2.9
Total		103	100.0

How much do you trust politicians?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	A lot	2	1.9	2.0	2.0
	A fair amount	4	3.9	3.9	5.9
	Not very much	10	9.7	9.8	15.7
	Not at all	77	74.8	75.5	91.2
	DK	9	8.7	8.8	100.0
	Total	102	99.0	100.0
Missing	System	1	1.0
Total		103	100.0

How much do you trust Parliament?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	A lot	2	1.9	2.0	2.0
	A fair amount	3	2.9	2.9	4.9
	Not very much	8	7.8	7.8	12.7
	Not at all	78	75.7	76.5	89.2
	DK	11	10.7	10.8	100.0
	Total	102	99.0	100.0
Missing	System	1	1.0
Total		103	100.0

How much do you trust your local council?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	A lot	11	10.7	10.8	10.8
	A fair amount	13	12.6	12.7	23.5
	Not very much	20	19.4	19.6	43.1
	Not at all	47	45.6	46.1	89.2
	DK	11	10.7	10.8	100.0
	Total	102	99.0	100.0
Missing	System	1	1.0
Total		103	100.0

Children's education/schools

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	22	21.4	21.4	21.4
	No	81	78.6	78.6	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Youth/children's activities (outside school)

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	7	6.8	6.8	6.8
	No	96	93.2	93.2	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Education for adults

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	1	1.0	1.0	1.0
	No	102	99.0	99.0	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Sports/exercise (taking part, coaching or going to watch)

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	22	21.4	21.4	21.4
	No	81	78.6	78.6	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Religion

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	4	3.9	3.9	3.9
	No	99	96.1	96.1	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Politics

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	8	7.8	7.8	7.8
	No	95	92.2	92.2	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Health, Disability and Social welfare

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	4	3.9	3.9	3.9
	No	99	96.1	96.1	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

The elderly

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	2	1.9	1.9	1.9
	No	101	98.1	98.1	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Safety, First Aid

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	2	1.9	1.9	1.9
	No	101	98.1	98.1	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

The environment, animals

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	1	1.0	1.0	1.0
	No	102	99.0	99.0	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Justice and Human Rights

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	3	2.9	2.9	2.9
	No	100	97.1	97.1	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Local community or neighbourhood groups

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	11	10.7	10.7	10.7
	No	92	89.3	89.3	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Citizen's Groups

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	No	103	100.0	100.0	100.0

Hobbies/Recreation/Arts/Social clubs

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	7	6.8	6.8	6.8
	No	96	93.2	93.2	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Trade union activity

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	1	1.0	1.0	1.0
	No	102	99.0	99.0	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

None of these

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	äŕ	43	41.7	100.0	100.0
Missing	System	60	58.3
Total		103	100.0

Do you ever feel that you would like to spend any (irregular volunteers/unknown frequency: more) time helping groups, clubs or organisations, or not?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	53	51.5	51.5	51.5
	No	22	21.4	21.4	72.8
	DK	28	27.2	27.2	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

REASONS

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	It depends on the people in the organisation	1	1.0	1.9	1.9
	I don't have time	14	13.6	26.9	28.8
	I am lazy	1	1.0	1.9	30.8
	I am not interested	4	3.9	7.7	38.5
	I haven't heard of any such activities in our community	6	5.8	11.5	50.0
	I don't want to	1	1.0	1.9	51.9
	I am disabled	2	1.9	3.8	55.8
	DK	8	7.8	15.4	71.2
	I don't have money	3	2.9	5.8	76.9
	There is no sense, I don't trust people	10	9.7	19.2	96.2
	I don't have the chance	2	1.9	3.8	100.0
	Total	52	50.5	100.0
Missing	System	51	49.5
Total		103	100.0

If someone asked me directly to get involved

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	29	28.2	28.2	28.2
	No	74	71.8	71.8	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

If my friends or family got involved with me

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	32	31.1	31.1	31.1
	No	71	68.9	68.9	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

If someone who was already involved was there to help get me started

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	28	27.2	27.2	27.2
	No	75	72.8	72.8	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

If more information about the things I could do was available

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	34	33.0	33.0	33.0
	No	69	67.0	67.0	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

If I knew I could get my expenses paid

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	31	30.1	30.1	30.1
	No	72	69.9	69.9	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

If someone could provide transport when I needed it

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	23	22.3	22.3	22.3
	No	80	77.7	77.7	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

If I could do it from home

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	19	18.4	18.4	18.4
	No	84	81.6	81.6	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

If I knew it would help me improve my skills or get qualifications

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	27	26.2	26.2	26.2
	No	76	73.8	73.8	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

If I knew it would benefit me in my career or improve my job prospects

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	38	36.9	36.9	36.9
	No	65	63.1	63.1	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Keeping in touch with someone who has difficulty getting out and about (visiting in person, telephoning or e-mailing)

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	19	18.4	18.4	18.4
	No	84	81.6	81.6	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Doing shopping, collecting pension or paying bills for someone

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	17	16.5	16.5	16.5
	No	86	83.5	83.5	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Cooking, cleaning, laundry, gardening or other routine household jobs for someone

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	9	8.7	8.7	8.7
	No	94	91.3	91.3	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Decorating, or doing any kind of home or car repairs for someone

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	23	22.3	22.3	22.3
	No	80	77.7	77.7	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Baby sitting or caring for children

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	14	13.6	13.6	13.6
	No	89	86.4	86.4	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Sitting with or providing personal care (e.g. washing, dressing) for someone who is sick or frail

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	17	16.5	16.5	16.5
	No	86	83.5	83.5	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Looking after a property or a pet for someone who is away

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	7	6.8	6.8	6.8
	No	96	93.2	93.2	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Giving advice to someone

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	47	45.6	45.6	45.6
	No	56	54.4	54.4	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Writing letters or filling in forms for someone

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	18	17.5	17.5	17.5
	No	85	82.5	82.5	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Representing someone (for example in talking to a council official)

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	5	4.9	4.9	4.9
	No	98	95.1	95.1	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Transporting or escorting someone (for example to a hospital, on an outing or a school-run)

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	18	17.5	17.5	17.5
	No	85	82.5	82.5	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

No help given in last 12 months

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	No help given in last 12 months	11	10.7	100.0	100.0
Missing	System	92	89.3
Total		103	100.0

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	1	1.0	100.0	100.0
Missing	System	102	99.0
Total		103	100.0

Keeping in touch with your (visiting in person, telephoning or e-mailing)

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	12	11.7	11.7	11.7
Valid	No	91	88.3	88.3	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Doing shopping, collecting pension or paying bills for you

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	4	3.9	3.9	3.9
Valid	No	99	96.1	96.1	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Cooking, cleaning, laundry, gardening or doing other routine household jobs for you

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	7	6.8	6.8	6.8
Valid	No	96	93.2	93.2	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Decorating, or doing any kind of home or car repairs for you

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	12	11.7	11.7	11.7
Valid	No	91	88.3	88.3	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Baby sitting or caring for your children

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	8	7.8	7.8	7.8
Valid	No	95	92.2	92.2	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Sitting with or providing personal care (e.g. washing, dressing) for you

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	1	1.0	1.0	1.0
Valid	No	102	99.0	99.0	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Looking after a property or a pet for you whilst you are away

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	5	4.9	4.9	4.9
Valid	No	98	95.1	95.1	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Giving advice to you

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	37	35.9	35.9	35.9
Valid	No	66	64.1	64.1	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Writing letters or filling in forms for you

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	12	11.7	11.7	11.7
Valid	No	91	88.3	88.3	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Representing you (for example in talking to a council official)

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	4	3.9	3.9	3.9
Valid	No	99	96.1	96.1	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Transporting or escorting you (for example to a hospital or on an outing)

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	6	5.8	5.8	5.8
Valid	No	97	94.2	94.2	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid Missing	DK	3	2.9	100.0	100.0
Valid Missing	System	100	97.1
Total		103	100.0

No help received in last 12 months

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	No help received in last 12 months	36	35.0	100.0	100.0
Missing	System	67	65.0
Total		103	100.0

Gender

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	M	55	53.4	53.4	53.4
Valid	W	48	46.6	46.6	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Age

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	5	1	1.0	1.0	1.0
	18	8	7.8	7.8	8.8
	19	2	1.9	2.0	10.8
	21	6	5.8	5.9	16.7
	22	5	4.9	4.9	21.6
	23	4	3.9	3.9	25.5
	24	5	4.9	4.9	30.4
	25	3	2.9	2.9	33.3
	26	6	5.8	5.9	39.2
	27	2	1.9	2.0	41.2
	28	4	3.9	3.9	45.1
	29	5	4.9	4.9	50.0
	30	1	1.0	1.0	51.0
	31	1	1.0	1.0	52.0
	32	3	2.9	2.9	54.9
	33	1	1.0	1.0	55.9
	34	2	1.9	2.0	57.8
	35	2	1.9	2.0	59.8
	36	3	2.9	2.9	62.7
	37	1	1.0	1.0	63.7
	38	7	6.8	6.9	70.6
	39	5	4.9	4.9	75.5
	40	3	2.9	2.9	78.4
	42	4	3.9	3.9	82.4
	43	1	1.0	1.0	83.3
	44	2	1.9	2.0	85.3
	45	2	1.9	2.0	87.3
	46	4	3.9	3.9	91.2
	47	2	1.9	2.0	93.1
	48	2	1.9	2.0	95.1
	50	1	1.0	1.0	96.1
	51	1	1.0	1.0	97.1
	55	1	1.0	1.0	98.0
	65	1	1.0	1.0	99.0
	66	1	1.0	1.0	100.0
	Total	102	99.0	100.0
Missing	System	1	1.0
Total		103	100.0

Education

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Basic	9	8.7	8.8	8.8
	Primary	25	24.3	24.5	33.3
	Secondary	57	55.3	55.9	89.2
	College	4	3.9	3.9	93.1
	Higher	7	6.8	6.9	100.0
	Total	102	99.0	100.0
Missing	System	1	1.0
Total		103	100.0

Ethnic group

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Bulgarian	25	24.3	24.5	24.5
	Turkish	8	7.8	7.8	32.4
	Roma	69	67.0	67.6	100.0
	Total	102	99.0	100.0
Missing	System	1	1.0
Total		103	100.0

Religion

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Muslim	43	41.7	70.5	70.5
	Christian	18	17.5	29.5	100.0
	Total	61	59.2	100.0
Missing	System	42	40.8
Total		103	100.0

Family

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Married	58	56.3	56.3	56.3
	Single	34	33.0	33.0	89.3
	Divorced	7	6.8	6.8	96.1
	Widow/er	4	3.9	3.9	100.0
Total		103	100.0	100.0

Number of people in the household

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	1	2	1.9	2.0	2.0
	2	6	5.8	6.1	8.2
	3	19	18.4	19.4	27.6
	4	36	35.0	36.7	64.3
	5	21	20.4	21.4	85.7
	6	7	6.8	7.1	92.9
	7	4	3.9	4.1	96.9
	8	2	1.9	2.0	99.0
	13	1	1.0	1.0	100.0
	Total	98	95.1	100.0
Missing	System	5	4.9
Total		103	100.0

Social status

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Student	8	7.8	7.8	7.8
	State sector employee	23	22.3	22.3	30.1
	Private sector employee	12	11.7	11.7	41.7
	Private proprietor/entrepreneur	6	5.8	5.8	47.6
	Free lance	4	3.9	3.9	51.5
	Unemployed	45	43.7	43.7	95.1
	Retired	5	4.9	4.9	100.0
	Total	103	100.0	100.0

Average household income per month

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	100 lev or less	34	33.0	33.7	33.7
	100 - 150	30	29.1	29.7	63.4
	150 - 200	16	15.5	15.8	79.2
	200 - 300	10	9.7	9.9	89.1
	300 - 500	8	7.8	7.9	97.0
	500 lev or more	3	2.9	3.0	100.0
	Total	101	98.1	100.0
Missing	System	2	1.9
Total		103	100.0

Settlement type

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Town	58	56.3	56.9	56.9
	Village	44	42.7	43.1	100.0
	Total	102	99.0	100.0
Missing	System	1	1.0
Total		103	100.0

Frequencies

Recoded age

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	18 - 30	52	50.5	51.0	51.0
	31- 40	28	27.2	27.5	78.4
	41- 50	17	16.5	16.7	95.1
	51 or more	5	4.9	4.9	100.0
	Total	102	99.0	100.0
Missing	System	1	1.0
Total		103	100.0

Correlations

		How much do you trust the police?	Ňčď íŕńĺëĺíî ě˙ńňî
How much do you trust the police?	Pearson Correlation	1.000	-.355(**)
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.	.000
	N	102	101
Settlement type	Pearson Correlation	-.355(**)	1.000
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000	.
	N	101	102
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Correlations

		How much do you trust the police?	Ňčď íŕńĺëĺíî ě˙ńňî
How much do you trust the police?	Pearson Correlation	1.000	-.355(**)
	Sig. (1-tailed)	.	.000
	N	102	101
Settlement type	Pearson Correlation	-.355(**)	1.000
	Sig. (1-tailed)	.000	.
	N	101	102
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).

Correlations

		How much do you trust the police?	Âúçđŕńň
How much do you trust the police?	Pearson Correlation	1.000	-.023
	Sig. (1-tailed)	.	.409
	N	102	101
Age	Pearson Correlation	-.023	1.000
	Sig. (1-tailed)	.409	.
	N	101	102

Regression

Variables Entered/Removed(b)

Model	Variables Entered	Variables Removed	Method
1	Ethnic group, Age, Gender, Education(a)	.	Enter
a All requested variables entered.
b Dependent Variable: How much do you trust the police?

Model Summary(b)

Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate	Durbin-Watson
1	.451(a)	.203	.169	.93	1.999
a Predictors: (Constant), Ethnic group, Age , Gender, Education
b Dependent Variable: How much do you trust the police?

ANOVA(b)

Model		Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	20.845	4	5.211	5.990	.000(a)
	Residual	81.782	94	.870
	Total	102.626	98
a Predictors: (Constant), Ethnic group, Age ,Gender, Education
b Dependent Variable: How much do you trust the police?

Coefficients(a)

	Unstandardized Coefficients	Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
Model		B	Std. Error	Beta
1	(Constant)	3.190	.603	5.294.000
	Gender	.553	.193	.2712.870.005
	Age	-7.462E-03	.009	-.078-.831.408
	Education	-.324	.110	-.292-2.949.004
	Ethnic group	.244	.114	.2052.138.035
a Dependent Variable: How much do you trust the police?

Residuals Statistics(a)

	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Std. Deviation	N
Predicted Value	2.35	4.54	3.46	.46	99
Residual	-2.59	2.18	3.59E-16	.91	99
Std. Predicted Value	-2.417	2.334	.000	1.000	99
Std. Residual	-2.782	2.342	.000	.979	99
a Dependent Variable: How much do you trust the police?

Regression

Variables Entered/Removed(b)

Model	Variables Entered	Variables Removed	Method
1	Ethnic group(a)	.	Enter
a All requested variables entered.
b Dependent Variable: How much do you trust the police?

Model Summary(b)

Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate	Durbin-Watson
1	.323(a)	.104	.095	1.00	1.873
a Predictors: (Constant), Ethnic group
b Dependent Variable: How much do you trust the police?

ANOVA(b)

Model		Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	11.585	1	11.585	11.530	.001(a)
	Residual	99.465	99	1.005
	Total	111.050	100
a Predictors: (Constant), Ethnic group
b Dependent Variable: How much do you trust the police?

Coefficients(a)

		Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
Model		B	Std. Error	Beta
1	(Constant)	2.500	.298		8.376	.000
	Ethnic group	.394	.116	.323	3.396	.001
a Dependent Variable: How much do you trust the police?

Residuals Statistics(a)

	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Std. Deviation	N
Predicted Value	2.89	3.68	3.46	.34	101
Residual	-2.68	2.11	1.14E-16	1.00	101
Std. Predicted Value	-1.650	.664	.000	1.000	101
Std. Residual	-2.675	2.101	.000	.995	101
a Dependent Variable: How much do you trust the police?

Correlations

		How much do you trust the police?	Ĺňíč÷ĺńęŕ ďđčíŕäëĺćíîńň
How much do you trust the police?	Pearson Correlation	1.000	.323(**)
	Sig. (1-tailed)	.	.000
	N	102	101
Ethnic group	Pearson Correlation	.323(**)	1.000
	Sig. (1-tailed)	.000	.
	N	101	102
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).

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